Vocal Fold Polyps and Cysts
Polyps and cysts are benign lesions, usually on one vocal fold, that interfere with how it vibrates and closes. They often cause a persistent hoarse voice, and unlike nodules they frequently need removal.
What they are
Polyps are soft, fluid-filled or blood-filled swellings on the vibrating edge of a vocal fold. They may follow a single episode of forceful voice use or a small bleed, and are more common in smokers.
Cysts are sacs within the vocal fold, filled with mucus or keratin. They sit beneath the surface layer and stiffen the vibrating edge. A cyst often causes a reactive swelling on the opposite fold, which can make it look like nodules.
Symptoms
Persistent hoarseness, breathiness, reduced range, vocal fatigue, and a voice that breaks unpredictably. Unlike nodules, the voice often does not improve much with rest.
How they are diagnosed
Stroboscopy distinguishes polyps and cysts from nodules and from other lesions. In some cases a cyst is only confirmed at the time of surgery.
Treatment
Small polyps sometimes improve with voice therapy and time. Most cysts, and polyps that persist, are removed by microlaryngeal surgery, preserving as much of the vibrating layer as possible. Selected lesions can be treated in the clinic, and we consider that route first where it is appropriate. Voice therapy before and after surgery improves and protects the result.
Medically reviewed by
Associate Professor Necati Enver, MD
Laryngologist · Founder and Director, Istanbul Voice Center · Reviewed September 2026
General information only. It does not replace an individual assessment. Medical disclaimer
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a polyp and a nodule?
Nodules usually affect both vocal folds symmetrically and respond to therapy. Polyps are usually on one side, can follow a single episode of strain or a small bleed, and more often need removal.
Is surgery for a polyp or cyst done through the neck?
No. Microlaryngeal surgery is performed through the mouth with a microscope, with no external incision.
Can a polyp come back?
A polyp removed with care and followed by voice therapy usually does not return. Recurrence is more likely if the factors that caused it, such as smoking or voice strain, continue.
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